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附录二王弼哲学的方法论探究

来源：www.zhufudq.com 时间：02-08 责编：人气：

摘zhāi要yào:

本běn文wén探tàn讨tǎo王wáng弼bì在zài注zhù易yì及jí注zhù老lǎo之zhī作zuò中zhōng所suǒ显xiǎn现xiàn的de方fāng法fǎ论lùn观guān点diǎn,文wén中zhōng指zhǐ出chū,王wáng弼bì注zhù老lǎo发fā挥huī了le对duì于yú老lǎo子zǐ哲zhé学xué中zhōng的de抽chōu象xiàng思sī辨biàn的de认rèn识shí进jìn路lù,将jiāng本běn体tǐ论lùn哲zhé学xué问wèn题tí中zhōng的de本běn体tǐ与yǔ事shì务wù间jiān关guān系xì的de抽chōu象xiàng特tè征zhēng予yǔ以yǐ推tuī进jìn,极jí有yǒu贡gòng献xiàn于yú中zhōng国guó哲zhé学xué史shǐ的de义yì理lǐ进jìn程chéng,但dàn是shì对duì于yú价jià值zhí哲zhé学xué的de本běn体tǐ论lùn根gēn据jù的de探tàn讨tǎo,却què仍réng不bú能néng有yǒu效xiào地dì从cóng其qí抽chōu象xiàng思sī辨biàn的de本běn体tǐ论lùn哲zhé学xué观guān点diǎn中zhōng推tuī演yǎn出chū来lái,王wáng弼bì以yǐ万wàn物wù宗zōng主zhǔ的de概gài念niàn称chēng说shuō老lǎo子zǐ哲zhé学xué的de最zuì高gāo概gài念niàn范fàn畴chóu,取qǔ代dài了le道dào与yǔ玄xuán等děng概gài念niàn,又yòu以yǐ崇chóng本běn息xī末mò的de观guān念niàn称chēng说shuō老lǎo子zǐ哲zhé学xué的de功gōng夫fū主zhǔ旨zhǐ,扩kuò充chōng了le无wú为wéi哲zhé学xué的de观guān念niàn义yì涵hán,但dàn是shì两liǎng者zhě的de结jié合hé有yǒu着zhe方fāng法fǎ论lùn上shàng的de鸿hóng沟gōu,王wáng弼bì并bìng未wèi注zhù意yì,此cǐ亦yì为wéi中zhōng国guó哲zhé学xué史shǐ中zhōng被bèi持chí续xù探tàn究jiū之zhī主zhǔ题tí,后hòu由yóu心xīn性xìng说shuō取qǔ代dài。王wáng弼bì注zhù易yì只zhī为wéi一yī对duì于yú周zhōu易yì体tǐ例lì的de观guān点diǎn表biǎo述shù,并bìng未wèi有yǒu方fāng法fǎ论lùn上shàng的de创chuàng新xīn,亦yì并bìng未wèi有yǒu将jiāng玄xuán学xué思sī维wéi背bèi景jǐng下xià的de价jià值zhí心xīn灵líng强qiáng行háng转zhuǎn嫁jià,只zhī有yǒu若ruò干gàn思sī维wéi形xíng式shì特tè征zhēng上shàng的de借jiè用yòng,其qí以yǐ人rén事shì情qíng境jìng为wéi卦guà爻yáo辞cí之zhī主zhǔ旨zhǐ,以yǐ儒rú门mén义yì理lǐ的de价jià值zhí心xīn灵líng适shì为wéi注zhù解jiě,理lǐ论lùn上shàng并bìng不bú预yù设shè六liù十shí四sì卦guà为wéi一yī宇yǔ宙zhòu论lùn的de图tú式shì,而ér只zhī为wéi人rén心xīn情qíng伪wěi变biàn诈zhà的de场chǎng合hé,是shì为wéi一yī人rén性xìng论lùn中zhōng心xīn的de周zhōu易yì诠quán解jiě进jìn路lù,亦yì为wéi一yī本běn体tǐ论lùn哲zhé学xué型xíng态tài的de思sī维wéi进jìn路lù。总zǒng之zhī,王wáng弼bì哲zhé学xué的de方fāng法fǎ论lùn使shǐ用yòng,得dé以yǐ见jiàn出chū魏wèi晋jìn时shí人rén哲zhé学xué构gòu作zuò的de方fāng法fǎ论lùn倾qīng向xiàng,其qí中zhōng的de重zhòng大dà理lǐ论lùn问wèn题tí即jí为wéi如rú何hé将jiāng形xíng上shàng学xué与yǔ价jià值zhí哲zhé学xué进jìn行háng义yì理lǐ结jié合hé,魏wèi晋jìn之zhī尝cháng试shì是shì为wéi型xíng态tài之zhī一yī,王wáng弼bì之zhī作zuò即jí为wéi重zhòng要yào指zhǐ标biāo,足zú以yǐ发fā为wéi深shēn论lùn之zhī处chù多duō矣yǐ。

关guān键jiàn辞cí:王wáng弼bì、周zhōu易yì、老lǎo子zǐ、方fāng法fǎ论lùn、本běn体tǐ论lùn

一yī、前qián言yán

本běn文wén将jiāng针zhēn对duì王wáng弼bì注zhù＜老lǎo＞及jí注zhù＜易yì＞之zhī作zuò中zhōng所suǒ显xiǎn现xiàn具jù有yǒu哲zhé理lǐ创chuàng造zào的de思sī想xiǎng部bù份fèn进jìn行háng方fāng法fǎ论lùn的de探tàn究jiū,就jiù王wáng弼bì所suǒ阐chǎn发fā的de哲zhé学xué观guān点diǎn而ér言yán,主zhǔ要yào表biǎo现xiàn在zài独dú立lì作zuò品pǐn＜周zhōu易yì略luè例lì＞及jí＜老lǎo子zǐ指zhǐ略luè＞二èr文wén中zhōng,其qí余yú＜老lǎo子zǐ注zhù＞及jí＜周zhōu易yì注zhù＞之zhī作zuò品pǐn中zhōng关guān于yú方fāng法fǎ论lùn思sī维wéi的de部bù份fèn亦yì不bú超chāo出chū于yú该gāi二èr专zhuān文wén之zhī上shàng。所suǒ谓wèi方fāng法fǎ论lùn之zhī探tàn究jiū即jí为wéi在zài我wǒ们men所suǒ提tí的de&ldquo功gōng夫fū理lǐ论lùn与yǔ境jìng界jiè哲zhé学xué为wéi中zhōng心xīn的de基jī本běn哲zhé学xué问wèn题tí研yán究jiū法fǎ&rdquo〔 [1]〕的de研yán究jiū进jìn路lù上shàng从cóng事shì分fèn析xī王wáng弼bì哲zhé学xué观guān点diǎn在zài中zhōng国guó哲zhé学xué史shǐ上shàng的de理lǐ论lùn活huó动dòng的de特tè质zhì,务wù使shǐ王wáng弼bì哲zhé学xué的de基jī本běn性xìng格gé予yǔ以yǐ显xiǎn明míng化huà,王wáng弼bì哲zhé学xué思sī想xiǎng在zài中zhōng国guó哲zhé学xué史shǐ上shàng的de重zhòng要yào地dì位wèi多duō年nián来lái已yǐ为wéi学xué界jiè明míng确què指zhǐ出chū,亦yì已yǐ广guǎng泛fàn研yán究jiū,然rán而ér基jī于yú我wǒ们men所suǒ提tí的de基jī本běn哲zhé学xué问wèn题tí研yán究jiū法fǎ的de探tàn索suǒ之zhī下xià,我wǒ们men仍réng有yǒu若ruò干gàn新xīn的de观guān点diǎn得dé以yǐ表biǎo述shù,是shì以yǐ为wéi文wén,本běn文wén之zhī写xiě作zuò进jìn程chéng,将jiāng先xiān进jìn行háng表biǎo现xiàn在zài王wáng弼bì注zhù＜老lǎo＞及jí注zhù＜易yì＞中zhōng所suǒ开kāi发fā出chū来lái的de方fāng法fǎ论lùn观guān点diǎn之zhī解jiě明míng,然rán后hòu再zài进jìn行háng对duì于yú此cǐ些xiē观guān点diǎn之zhī方fāng法fǎ论lùn探tàn究jiū,我wǒ们men企qǐ图tú对duì王wáng弼bì于yú注zhù＜老lǎo＞中zhōng所suǒ开kāi发fā的de&ldquo贵guì无wú论lùn&rdquo思sī维wéi的de义yì理lǐ脉mò络luò进jìn行háng疏shū通tōng,指zhǐ出chū其qí在zài方fāng法fǎ论lùn思sī维wéi上shàng的de理lǐ论lùn意yì义yì,进jìn而ér以yǐ此cǐ为wéi基jī础chǔ而ér探tàn视shì其qí于yú注zhù＜易yì＞之zhī作zuò中zhōng的de方fāng法fǎ论lùn运yùn用yòng,检jiǎn视shì其qí玄xuán学xué思sī维wéi与yǔ易yì学xué思sī维wéi的de两liǎng路lù义yì理lǐ活huó动dòng是shì一yī个gè怎zěn样yàng的de关guān系xì。当dāng代dài哲zhé学xué史shǐ研yán究jiū的de观guān点diǎn中zhōng多duō有yǒu以yǐ此cǐ二èr路lù之zhī思sī维wéi有yǒu内nèi在zài的de关guān联lián,多duō谓wèi其qí以yǐ&ldquo老lǎo&rdquo解jiě&ldquo易yì&rdquo、援yuán&ldquo玄xuán学xué&rdquo入rù&ldquo易yì学xué&rdquo,是shì否fǒu如rú此cǐ,这zhè正zhèng是shì我wǒ们men对duì王wáng弼bì哲zhé学xué思sī想xiǎng的de方fāng法fǎ论lùn探tàn究jiū所suǒ欲yù究jiū明míng的de重zhòng点diǎn。

二èr、对duì注zhù解jiě性xìng作zuò品pǐn的de方fāng法fǎ论lùn探tàn究jiū的de思sī维wéi方fāng向xiàng

王wáng弼bì注zhù&ldquo老lǎo&rdquo也yě注zhù&ldquo易yì&rdquo,本běn文wén则zé藉jiè由yóu其qí作zuò以yǐ研yán究jiū王wáng弼bì哲zhé学xué,而ér非fēi研yán究jiū老lǎo学xué及jí易yì学xué,因yīn此cǐ对duì于yú这zhè种zhǒng注zhù解jiě性xìng作zuò品pǐn的de哲zhé学xué研yán究jiū方fāng法fǎ,必bì须xū先xiān作zuò若ruò干gàn研yán究jiū态tài度dù上shàng的de厘lí清qīng工gōng作zuò。对duì于yú注zhù解jiě性xìng作zuò品pǐn的de哲zhé理lǐ探tàn究jiū,首shǒu应yīng区qū别bié注zhù解jiě者zhě的de哲zhé学xué观guān点diǎn及jí原yuán典diǎn作zuò者zhě的de哲zhé学xué观guān点diǎn,要yào而ér言yán之zhī,表biǎo现xiàn在zài注zhù解jiě文wén字zì中zhōng的de方fāng法fǎ论lùn宗zōng旨zhǐ者zhě,是shì为wéi注zhù解jiě者zhě的de哲zhé学xué观guān点diǎn,至zhì于yú对duì原yuán典diǎn文wén义yì的de注zhù解jiě文wén字zì,只zhī能néng当dāng作zuò是shì原yuán典diǎn作zuò者zhě的de哲zhé学xué观guān点diǎn。当dāng然rán这zhè还hái涉shè及jí注zhù解jiě者zhě是shì否fǒu有yǒu错cuò解jiě之zhī情qíng事shì,假jiǎ使shǐ我wǒ们men先xiān排pái除chú错cuò解jiě之zhī考kǎo量liàng,即jí当dāng注zhù解jiě者zhě确què实shí正zhèng确què地dì诠quán解jiě了le原yuán典diǎn的de义yì理lǐ时shí,这zhè也yě并bìng不bú表biǎo示shì注zhù解jiě者zhě有yǒu所suǒ创chuàng造zào,更gèng不bú论lùn注zhù解jiě者zhě是shì否fǒu同tóng意yì原yuán典diǎn作zuò者zhě的de观guān点diǎn,这zhè更gèng已yǐ经jīng不bú是shì研yán究jiū重zhòng点diǎn了le。本běn文wén提tí出chū这zhè样yàng的de研yán究jiū态tài度dù,主zhǔ要yào是shì因yīn为wéi中zhōng国guó哲zhé学xué的de哲zhé学xué研yán究jiū多duō发fā生shēng在zài研yán究jiū以yǐ注zhù解jiě方fāng式shì写xiě作zuò的de哲zhé学xué作zuò品pǐn中zhōng,在zài这zhè种zhǒng状zhuàng况kuàng下xià,对duì于yú藉jiè由yóu注zhù解jiě作zuò品pǐn以yǐ了le解jiě原yuán典diǎn的de哲zhé学xué观guān点diǎn并bìng不bú是shì我wǒ们men要yào探tàn究jiū的de主zhǔ题tí,我wǒ们men要yào探tàn究jiū的de是shì注zhù解jiě者zhě本běn身shēn的de哲zhé学xué观guān点diǎn。注zhù解jiě性xìng作zuò品pǐn因yīn为wéi时shí代dài的de差chà异yì,通tōng常cháng会huì显xiǎn现xiàn出chū新xīn的de哲zhé学xué问wèn题tí意yì识shí出chū来lái,例lì如rú《河hé上shàng公gōng注zhù老lǎo》之zhī作zuò[2],它tā的de注zhù老lǎo特tè色sè是shì在zài构gòu作zuò一yī个gè由yóu人rén体tǐ宇yǔ宙zhòu学xué为wéi进jìn路lù的de功gōng夫fū哲zhé学xué,这zhè是shì此cǐ书shū中zhōng具jù有yǒu哲zhé理lǐ创chuàng造zào的de部bù份fèn,当dāng然rán它tā也yě同tóng时shí解jiě说shuō了le老lǎo子zǐ的de哲zhé理lǐ关guān怀huái,对duì于yú由yóu它tā所suǒ解jiě说shuō的de老lǎo子zǐ的de哲zhé理lǐ关guān怀huái这zhè是shì认rèn识shí老lǎo子zǐ的de途tú径jìng之zhī一yī,这zhè些xiē观guān点diǎn并bìng不bú反fǎn映yìng注zhù解jiě作zuò品pǐn作zuò为wéi具jù有yǒu创chuàng作zuò义yì的de哲zhé学xué作zuò品pǐn的de特tè质zhì,唯wéi有yǒu它tā多duō出chū于yú老lǎo子zǐ哲zhé理lǐ关guān怀huái的de部bù份fèn,才cái是shì他tā的de作zuò品pǐn作zuò为wéi哲zhé理lǐ作zuò品pǐn而ér应yīng为wéi研yán究jiū者zhě所suǒ注zhù重zhòng的de部bù份fèn,是shì故gù《河hé上shàng公gōng注zhù老lǎo》作zuò为wéi一yī部bù中zhōng国guó哲zhé学xué史shǐ上shàng有yǒu哲zhé理lǐ创chuàng作zuò意yì义yì的de理lǐ论lùn性xìng作zuò品pǐn,是shì反fǎn映yìng在zài它tā的de以yǐ汉hàn代dài宇yǔ宙zhòu论lùn知zhī识shí为wéi背bèi景jǐng的de功gōng夫fū论lùn哲zhé学xué。同tóng样yàng的de,对duì于yú王wáng弼bì注zhù&ldquo易yì&rdquo及jí注zhù&ldquo老lǎo&rdquo的de注zhù解jiě性xìng文wén字zì,我wǒ们men要yào看kàn重zhòng的de,并bìng不bú在zài它tā反fǎn映yìng&ldquo易yì&rdquo、 &ldquo老lǎo&rdquo文wén义yì方fāng面miàn的de文wén字zì,而ér应yīng该gāi放fàng在zài它tā据jù以yǐ诠quán解jiě&ldquo易yì&rdquo、 &ldquo老lǎo&rdquo的de自zì己jǐ建jiàn构gòu的de哲zhé学xué方fāng法fǎ论lùn观guān点diǎn部bù份fèn,这zhè当dāng然rán是shì以yǐ《老lǎo子zǐ指zhǐ略luè》及jí《周zhōu易yì略luè例lì》两liǎng篇piān文wén章zhāng中zhōng的de重zhòng点diǎn为wéi主zhǔ,这zhè才cái是shì使shǐ得dé王wáng弼bì之zhī所suǒ以yǐ为wéi哲zhé学xué家jiā的de关guān键jiàn地dì方fāng,这zhè就jiù是shì说shuō我wǒ们men对duì于yú哲zhé学xué家jiā王wáng弼bì的de哲zhé理lǐ研yán究jiū重zhòng点diǎn,不bú需xū要yào去qù重zhòng复fù叙xù述shù那nà些xiē由yóu王wáng弼bì注zhù解jiě的de已yǐ经jīng在zài&ldquo易yì&rdquo、 &ldquo老lǎo&rdquo原yuán典diǎn中zhōng的de观guān点diǎn,而ér要yào去qù注zhù意yì那nà些xiē&ldquo易yì&rdquo、 &ldquo老lǎo&rdquo原yuán典diǎn中zhōng没méi有yǒu出chū现xiàn而ér为wéi王wáng弼bì所suǒ阐chǎn发fā的de观guān点diǎn。

三sān、王wáng弼bì于yú《老lǎo子zǐ指zhǐ略luè》中zhōng的de观guān念niàn重zhòng点diǎn:

１、在zài天tiān地dì万wàn物wù之zhī间jiān有yǒu一yī个gè万wàn物wù宗zōng主zhǔ,它tā是shì无wú形xíng无wú名míng的de,惟wéi其qí无wú形xíng无wú名míng故gù才cái能néng为wéi品pǐn物wù宗zōng主zhǔ。

２、万wàn物wù宗zōng主zhǔ必bì须xū藉jiè万wàn事shì万wàn物wù的de流liú行háng来lái彰zhāng显xiǎn它tā自zì己jǐ,但dàn是shì宗zōng主zhǔ自zì己jǐ却què不bú会huì执zhí守shǒu于yú任rèn何hé事shì务wù的de具jù体tǐ表biǎo现xiàn上shàng,而ér是shì永yǒng恒héng地dì自zì守shǒu其qí常cháng道dào而ér已yǐ。

３、作zuò为wéi万wàn物wù宗zōng主zhǔ者zhě其qí不bú可kě名míng也yě不bú可kě称chēng,因yīn此cǐ一yī切qiē以yǐ道dào以yǐ玄xuán以yǐ深shēn以yǐ大dà以yǐ远yuǎn以yǐ微wēi之zhī诸zhū多duō名míng称chēng皆jiē不bú能néng尽jìn其qí全quán义yì。以yǐ道dào谓wèi不bú壅yōng不bú塞sāi,通tōng物wù之zhī性xìng,以yǐ玄xuán谓wèi有yǒu德dé而ér无wú主zhǔ,然rán道dào与yǔ玄xuán皆jiē不bú足zú以yǐ尽jìn其qí义yì。

４、圣shèng人rén体tǐ此cǐ,故gù而ér在zài生shēng活huó事shì务wù上shàng不bú言yán不bú名míng不bú为wéi不bú执zhí,先xiān秦qín诸zhū家jiā皆jiē有yǒu名míng有yǒu称chēng有yǒu为wéi有yǒu执zhí故gù而ér皆jiē背bèi离lí老lǎo子zǐ旨zhǐ意yì。然rán因yīn老lǎo子zǐ之zhī文wén言yán简jiǎn意yì幽yōu,时shí为wéi他tā家jiā引yǐn为wéi同tóng道dào,然rán皆jiē错cuò解jiě的de多duō。

５、老lǎo子zǐ之zhī文wén,其qí大dà要yào乃nǎi在zài崇chóng本běn息xī末mò、守shǒu母mǔ存cún子zǐ。因yīn为wéi现xiàn实shí实shí际jì世shì界jiè的de事shì务wù纷fēn呈chéng皆jiē显xiǎn现xiàn为wéi道dào与yǔ形xíng反fǎn的de特tè质zhì,因yīn此cǐ守shǒu道dào之zhī要yào即jí在zài守shǒu住zhù此cǐ本běn者zhě母mǔ者zhě,而ér此cǐ则zé惟wéi在zài见jiàn素sù抱bào朴pǔ而ér已yǐ。故gù不bú攻gōng其qí为wéi,使shǐ其qí无wú心xīn于yú为wéi,不bú害hài其qí欲yù,使shǐ其qí无wú心xīn于yú欲yù。圣shèng智zhì仁rén义yì巧qiǎo利lì皆jiē有yǒu为wéi之zhī大dà,莫mò若ruò守shǒu本běn无wú为wéi,则zé圣shèng功gōng全quán而ér仁rén德dé厚hòu矣yǐ。

四sì、由yóu《老lǎo子zǐ指zhǐ略luè》中zhōng所suǒ显xiǎn现xiàn的de方fāng法fǎ论lùn观guān点diǎn:

在zài《老lǎo子zǐ指zhǐ略luè》的de整zhěng个gè思sī维wéi中zhōng,王wáng弼bì乃nǎi企qǐ图tú将jiāng老lǎo子zǐ哲zhé学xué中zhōng的de&ldquo道dào的de抽chōu象xiàng特tè质zhì&rdquo与yǔ&ldquo圣shèng人rén的de体tǐ道dào功gōng夫fū&rdquo合hé而ér为wéi一yī,在zài抽chōu象xiàng特tè质zhì中zhōng端duān出chū&ldquo万wàn物wù宗zōng主zhǔ&rdquo的de概gài念niàn,在zài体tǐ道dào功gōng夫fū中zhōng则zé提tí出chū&ldquo崇chóng本běn息xī末mò&rdquo的de观guān念niàn。从cóng&ldquo万wàn物wù宗zōng主zhǔ&rdquo的de概gài念niàn上shàng发fā挥huī本běn体tǐ与yǔ现xiàn象xiàng的de统tǒng宗zōng会huì元yuán关guān系xì以yǐ及jí本běn体tǐ的de不bú可kě名míng状zhuàng的de特tè质zhì,并bìng强qiáng调diào本běn体tǐ的de必bì在zài现xiàn实shí中zhōng实shí现xiàn的de特tè色sè。在zài&ldquo崇chóng本běn息xī末mò&rdquo的de观guān念niàn中zhōng则zé重zhòng申shēn老lǎo子zǐ绝jué圣shèng智zhì、弃qì仁rén义yì的de本běn意yì乃nǎi在zài全quán圣shèng功gōng、厚hòu仁rén德dé,至zhì于yú达dá到dào此cǐ目mù标biāo的de方fāng法fǎ则zé在zài&ldquo息xī末mò崇chóng本běn&rdquo,即jí不bú攻gōng害hài恶è而ér绝jué情qíng欲yù,而ér非fēi在zài对duì立lì面miàn消xiāo灭miè害hài恶è,而ér是shì在zài解jiě消xiāo害hài恶è之zhī所suǒ兴xìng起qǐ的de内nèi在zài意yì欲yù,至zhì于yú害hài恶è兴xìng起qǐ的de内nèi在zài意yì欲yù即jí为wéi圣shèng智zhì仁rén义yì巧qiǎo利lì的de标biāo举jǔ于yú上shàng。

即jí由yóu此cǐ见jiàn出chū,王wáng弼bì的de思sī维wéi是shì以yǐ&ldquo万wàn物wù宗zōng主zhǔ&rdquo的de抽chōu象xiàng特tè质zhì来lái定dìng位wèi圣shèng人rén治zhì世shì的de功gōng夫fū思sī维wéi的de,&ldquo万wàn物wù宗zōng主zhǔ&rdquo既jì是shì无wú有yǒu形xíng名míng的de,故gù而ér圣shèng人rén治zhì世shì的de作zuò为wéi就jiù必bì须xū是shì不bú兴xìng标biāo准zhǔn的de,因yīn为wéi任rèn何hé标biāo准zhǔn不bú足zú以yǐ尽jìn彰zhāng宗zōng主zhǔ,反fǎn适shì足zú以yǐ激jī生shēng伪wěi诈zhà。由yóu于yú王wáng弼bì的de&ldquo万wàn物wù宗zōng主zhǔ&rdquo在zài人rén伦lún的de抽chōu象xiàng特tè质zhì上shàng是shì不bú落luò实shí为wéi道dào德dé仁rén义yì圣shèng智zhì巧qiǎo利lì的de具jù体tǐ标biāo准zhǔn德dé目mù的de,故gù而ér&ldquo万wàn物wù宗zōng主zhǔ&rdquo作zuò为wéi王wáng弼bì老lǎo学xué的de最zuì高gāo概gài念niàn范fàn畴chóu便biàn是shì一yī个gè更gèng为wéi广guǎng懋mào而ér无wú限xiàn定dìng的de抽chōu象xiàng概gài念niàn,王wáng弼bì避bì用yòng&ldquo道dào&rdquo与yǔ&ldquo玄xuán&rdquo概gài念niàn以yǐ为wéi称chēng名míng,即jí因yīn&ldquo万wàn物wù宗zōng主zhǔ&rdquo乃nǎi在zài存cún有yǒu特tè质zhì上shàng是shì不bú可kě形xíng名míng的de抽chōu象xiàng预yù设shè,是shì一yī个gè纯chún粹cuì思sī维wéi中zhōng的de假jiǎ设shè对duì象xiàng,它tā当dāng然rán是shì一yī个gè具jù有yǒu实shí作zuò作zuò用yòng的de实shí体tǐ,但dàn是shì它tā自zì身shēn的de存cún在zài特tè质zhì却què无wú由yóu尽jìn诠quán,故gù而ér根gēn本běn不bú可kě称chēng名míng,我wǒ们men在zài思sī维wéi中zhōng对duì它tā的de把bǎ握wò乃nǎi仅jǐn只zhī能néng意yì识shí着zhe它tā对duì天tiān地dì万wàn物wù的de作zuò用yòng是shì在zài角jiǎo色sè定dìng位wèi上shàng的de宗zōng主zhǔ而ér已yǐ,其qí余yú的de名míng义yì称chēng谓wèi都dōu只zhī得dé一yī偏piān,即jí道dào玄xuán深shēn大dà远yuǎn微wēi之zhī诸zhū称chēng名míng者zhě。即jí在zài这zhè个gè&ldquo万wàn物wù宗zōng主zhǔ&rdquo的de这zhè样yàng的de抽chōu象xiàng特tè质zhì中zhōng王wáng弼bì取qǔ得dé了le圣shèng人rén体tǐ道dào对duì物wù的de功gōng夫fū方fāng法fǎ,即jí&ldquo崇chóng本běn息xī末mò&rdquo,一yī切qiē的de价jià值zhí标biāo举jǔ皆jiē为wéi末mò者zhě,务wù力lì于yú末mò者zhě终zhōng致zhì纷fēn乱luàn害hài恶è,不bú若ruò弃qì之zhī,于yú是shì天tiān下xià事shì务wù复fù归guī一yī质zhì素sù抱bào朴pǔ之zhī情qíng状zhuàng。

五wǔ、对duì王wáng弼bì《老lǎo子zǐ指zhǐ略luè》中zhōng的de方fāng法fǎ论lùn观guān点diǎn的de检jiǎn讨tǎo

王wáng弼bì检jiǎn出chū老lǎo子zǐ论lùn道dào的de若ruò干gàn抽chōu象xiàng思sī维wéi部bù份fèn而ér标biāo出chū&ldquo万wàn物wù宗zōng主zhǔ&rdquo的de抽chōu象xiàng概gài念niàn作zuò为wéi论lùn理lǐ的de最zuì高gāo概gài念niàn范fàn畴chóu,这zhè一yī部bù份fèn的de观guān念niàn建jiàn构gòu是shì极jí为wéi准zhǔn确què的de,但dàn是shì将jiāng&ldquo万wàn物wù宗zōng主zhǔ&rdquo的de抽chōu象xiàng特tè质zhì作zuò为wéi圣shèng人rén体tǐ道dào的de实shí际jì功gōng夫fū这zhè一yī部bù份fèn的de作zuò法fǎ却què值zhí得dé检jiǎn讨tǎo了le。这zhè是shì一yī个gè范fàn畴chóu的de错cuò置zhì的de问wèn题tí,作zuò为wéi抽chōu象xiàng思sī辨biàn的de最zuì高gāo概gài念niàn范fàn畴chóu的de理lǐ解jiě内nèi涵hán如rú何hé转zhuǎn化huà为wéi具jù体tǐ人rén生shēng的de生shēng活huó指zhǐ导dǎo原yuán则zé呢ne?就jiù老lǎo子zǐ而ér言yán,老lǎo子zǐ哲zhé学xué中zhōng的de形xíng上shàng思sī维wéi其qí实shí区qū分fèn为wéi两liǎng重zhòng认rèn识shí的de进jìn路lù,其qí一yī为wéi抽chōu象xiàng思sī辨biàn的de进jìn路lù,其qí二èr为wéi实shí存cún律lǜ则zé的de进jìn路lù[3]。前qián者zhě关guān切qiē作zuò为wéi最zuì高gāo概gài念niàn范fàn畴chóu的de道dào概gài念niàn自zì身shēn的de抽chōu象xiàng特tè质zhì,此cǐ与yǔ王wáng弼bì以yǐ&ldquo万wàn物wù宗zōng主zhǔ&rdquo重zhòng新xīn论lùn述shù的de重zhòng点diǎn方fāng向xiàng是shì一yī致zhì的de,但dàn是shì作zuò为wéi实shí存cún律lǜ则zé的de道dào体tǐ观guān念niàn而ér言yán,作zuò为wéi圣shèng人rén体tǐ道dào悟wù道dào的de生shēng活huó指zhǐ导dǎo原yuán理lǐ而ér言yán,老lǎo子zǐ是shì以yǐ&ldquo反fǎn者zhě道dào之zhī动dòng&rdquo及jí&ldquo有yǒu无wú相xiàng生shēng&rdquo的de律lǜ则zé在zài建jiàn构gòu着zhe八bā十shí一yī章zhāng的de所suǒ有yǒu实shí践jiàn哲zhé学xué的de观guān念niàn进jìn行háng,这zhè其qí中zhōng透tòu露lù着zhe老lǎo子zǐ对duì于yú人rén心xīn现xiàn象xiàng的de实shí际jì观guān察chá所suǒ得dé致zhì的de人rén间jiān事shì务wù的de变biàn化huà规guī律lǜ,即jí其qí所suǒ谓wèi之zhī&ldquo反fǎn者zhě道dào之zhī动dòng&rdquo及jí&ldquo有yǒu无wú相xiàng生shēng&rdquo者zhě,这zhè一yī部bù份fèn的de对duì于yú经jīng验yàn生shēng活huó的de体tǐ悟wù原yuán理lǐ构gòu成chéng了le老lǎo子zǐ用yòng世shì之zhī道dào的de本běn体tǐ论lùn规guī律lǜ义yì的de总zǒng原yuán理lǐ,即jí刻kè成chéng为wéi圣shèng人rén体tǐ道dào用yòng世shì的de智zhì慧huì,即jí&ldquo弱ruò者zhě道dào之zhī用yòng&rdquo及jí&ldquo玄xuán德dé&rdquo&ldquo玄xuán同tóng&rdquo的de胸xiōng怀huái等děng,以yǐ及jí对duì于yú生shēng活huó世shì界jiè一yī切qiē现xiàn象xiàng变biàn化huà的de分fèn析xī原yuán理lǐ,此cǐ即jí老lǎo子zǐ形xíng上shàng思sī维wéi中zhōng的de实shí存cún律lǜ则zé的de认rèn识shí进jìn路lù者zhě。

至zhì于yú对duì道dào体tǐ的de抽chōu象xiàng思sī辨biàn的de认rèn识shí进jìn路lù所suǒ得dé之zhī诸zhū观guān念niàn者zhě,则zé仍réng置zhì放fàng于yú中zhōng国guó形xíng上shàng学xué思sī维wéi进jìn程chéng上shàng的de领lǐng导dǎo地dì位wèi,亦yì即jí王wáng弼bì再zài度dù标biāo举jǔ的de&ldquo万wàn物wù之zhī宗zōng&rdquo的de抽chōu象xiàng特tè质zhì的de思sī考kǎo所suǒ得dé者zhě,然rán而ér此cǐ一yī思sī考kǎo所suǒ得dé的de推tuī进jìn,并bìng不bú适shì合hé迁qiān入rù老lǎo子zǐ人rén生shēng哲zhé学xué进jìn路lù的de实shí存cún律lǜ则zé之zhī哲zhé理lǐ范fàn畴chóu中zhōng。当dāng然rán老lǎo子zǐ在zài两liǎng重zhòng进jìn路lù的de思sī维wéi范fàn畴chóu上shàng本běn身shēn是shì否fǒu可kě以yǐ并bìng合hé为wéi一yī,此cǐ则zé仍réng为wéi一yī哲zhé学xué问wèn题tí。

但dàn就jiù人rén生shēng哲zhé学xué本běn位wèi的de中zhōng国guó儒rú释shì道dào三sān学xué之zhī义yì理lǐ特tè质zhì而ér言yán,一yī切qiē本běn体tǐ原yuán理lǐ皆jiē由yóu人rén生shēng现xiàn象xiàng的de观guān照zhào悟wù解jiě而ér来lái,从cóng而ér作zuò为wéi功gōng夫fū的de前qián提tí以yǐ及jí境jìng界jiè的de标biāo的de,它tā当dāng然rán亦yì可kě转zhuǎn化huà为wéi客kè观guān形xíng上shàng学xué的de宇yǔ宙zhòu论lùn知zhī识shí及jí本běn体tǐ论lùn原yuán理lǐ,从cóng而ér共gòng构gòu成chéng为wéi一yī个gè功gōng夫fū理lǐ论lùn与yǔ境jìng界jiè哲zhé学xué为wéi主zhǔ的de形xíng上shàng学xué理lǐ论lùn体tǐ系xì[4],这zhè是shì中zhōng国guó形xíng上shàng思sī维wéi的de一yī个gè主zhǔ要yào型xíng态tài。但dàn是shì发fā生shēng在zài中zhōng国guó哲zhé学xué的de形xíng上shàng学xué思sī维wéi中zhōng的de义yì理lǐ进jìn程chéng者zhě,亦yì确què实shí存cún在zài着zhe纯chún粹cuì抽chōu象xiàng思sī辨biàn的de义yì理lǐ活huó动dòng型xíng态tài,它tā本běn就jiù不bú源yuán自zì于yú人rén生shēng实shí景jǐng的de观guān解jiě体tǐ悟wù,它tā也yě因yīn而ér无wú法fǎ清qīng晰xī准zhǔn确què地dì作zuò为wéi人rén生shēng智zhì慧huì的de指zhǐ导dǎo原yuán理lǐ,依yī据jù王wáng弼bì的de论lùn理lǐ工gōng程chéng,那nà个gè&ldquo万wàn物wù宗zōng&rdquo主zhǔ在zài经jīng验yàn特tè质zhì上shàng的de无wú形xíng无wú名míng的de特tè质zhì,当dāng被bèi王wáng弼bì转zhuǎn化huà为wéi&ldquo崇chóng本běn息xī末mò&rdquo&ldquo守shǒu母mǔ存cún子zǐ&rdquo的de本běn者zhě母mǔ者zhě之zhī时shí,其qí实shí也yě就jiù脱tuō离lí了le一yī切qiē人rén伦lún德dé目mù的de观guān念niàn构gòu作zuò了le,亦yì即jí它tā其qí实shí并bìng非fēi以yǐ人rén文wén活huó动dòng的de目mù的de性xìng德dé目mù原yuán理lǐ为wéi圣shèng人rén体tǐ道dào实shí践jiàn的de标biāo的de,因yīn为wéi&ldquo万wàn物wù宗zōng主zhǔ&rdquo只zhī为wéi一yī在zài存cún有yǒu上shàng的de超chāo越yuè对duì象xiàng,故gù而ér体tǐ道dào原yuán理lǐ亦yì只zhī为wéi一yī个gè无wú目mù的de性xìng的de形xíng式shì义yì的de空kōng无wú而ér已yǐ。

老lǎo子zǐ在zài人rén伦lún活huó动dòng的de实shí践jiàn原yuán理lǐ之zhī依yī据jù上shàng仍réng然rán建jiàn构gòu了le人rén心xīn事shì务wù运yùn作zuò变biàn化huà的de律lǜ则zé,即jí其qí&ldquo有yǒu无wú相xiàng生shēng&rdquo及jí&ldquo反fǎn者zhě道dào之zhī动dòng&rdquo者zhě,于yú是shì在zài操cāo作zuò的de智zhì慧huì上shàng尽jìn诠quán地dì展zhǎn示shì了le一yī套tào型xíng态tài明míng确què的de功gōng夫fū进jìn程chéng,即jí&ldquo弱ruò者zhě道dào之zhī用yòng&rdquo及jí&ldquo无wú为wéi&rdquo&ldquo守shǒu柔róu&rdquo等děng功gōng夫fū,此cǐ一yī功gōng夫fū是shì有yǒu其qí由yóu人rén生shēng智zhì慧huì之zhī体tǐ悟wù而ér进jìn入rù的de本běn体tǐ论lùn原yuán理lǐ的de。

就jiù方fāng法fǎ论lùn侧cè面miàn的de分fèn析xī而ér言yán,对duì于yú老lǎo子zǐ在zài道dào的de抽chōu象xiàng思sī辨biàn之zhī义yì涵hán与yǔ实shí存cún律lǜ则zé之zhī义yì涵hán的de构gòu合hé上shàng,老lǎo子zǐ并bìng未wèi作zuò出chū明míng确què的de反fǎn思sī,亦yì不bú能néng提tí出chū明míng确què的de可kě具jù以yǐ为wéi分fèn析xī的de联lián结jié性xìng观guān点diǎn,我wǒ们men在zài诠quán释shì老lǎo子zǐ哲zhé学xué的de时shí候hòu对duì于yú老lǎo子zǐ形xíng上shàng思sī维wéi这zhè个gè两liǎng重zhòng性xìng的de隔gé离lí亦yì保bǎo持chí其qí在zài义yì理lǐ上shàng的de区qū隔gé,而ér不bú强qiáng同tóng合hé一yī诠quán。但dàn是shì王wáng弼bì却què使shǐ之zhī合hé一yī,王wáng弼bì其qí实shí也yě未wèi有yǒu对duì于yú这zhè两liǎng重zhòng性xìng的de区qū隔gé与yǔ合hé一yī有yǒu一yī理lǐ论lùn上shàng的de明míng确què反fǎn思sī,其qí实shí在zài中zhōng国guó哲zhé学xué史shǐ上shàng的de各gè家jiā学xué派pài之zhī义yì理lǐ建jiàn构gòu亦yì未wèi见jiàn有yǒu对duì此cǐ一yī问wèn题tí的de明míng确què反fǎn思sī,只zhī是shì各gè个gè体tǐ系xì皆jiē在zài对duì于yú人rén生shēng哲zhé学xué进jìn路lù的de义yì理lǐ建jiàn构gòu终zhōng趣qù上shàng,共gòng同tóng地dì走zǒu上shàng了le心xīn性xìng论lùn之zhī途tú,亦yì即jí我wǒ们men所suǒ谓wèi的de功gōng夫fū理lǐ论lùn与yǔ境jìng界jiè哲zhé学xué为wéi主zhǔ的de形xíng上shàng学xué理lǐ论lùn体tǐ系xì之zhī途tú,此cǐ一yī趣qù向xiàng即jí使shǐ得dé形xíng上shàng义yì理lǐ与yǔ实shí践jiàn哲zhé学xué的de思sī维wéi进jìn程chéng合hé而ér为wéi一yī,在zài儒rú学xué中zhōng之zhī刘liú宗zōng周zhōu哲zhé学xué之zhī合hé一yī说shuō即jí为wéi佳jiā例lì。

王wáng弼bì哲zhé学xué中zhōng对duì于yú此cǐ一yī两liǎng重zhòng性xìng的de未wèi予yǔ反fǎn思sī即jí予yǔ结jié合hé之zhī义yì理lǐ构gòu作zuò之zhī结jié果guǒ,即jí使shǐ其qí成chéng为wéi魏wèi晋jìn哲zhé学xué研yán究jiū者zhě眼yǎn中zhōng的de&ldquo贵guì无wú说shuō&rdquo的de理lǐ论lùn代dài表biǎo[5],无wú成chéng为wéi形xíng上shàng学xué的de抽chōu象xiàng本běn体tǐ,亦yì成chéng为wéi实shí践jiàn哲zhé学xué中zhōng的de操cāo作zuò原yuán理lǐ,这zhè使shǐ得dé实shí践jiàn哲zhé学xué中zhōng作zuò为wéi原yuán理lǐ根gēn据jù的de无wú的de本běn体tǐ之zhī操cāo作zuò义yì涵hán难nán以yǐ落luò实shí,王wáng弼bì所suǒ能néng掌zhǎng握wò来lái诠quán释shì老lǎo子zǐ哲zhé学xué中zhōng的de实shí践jiàn智zhì慧huì的de观guān念niàn最zuì终zhōng仍réng然rán必bì须xū向xiàng儒rú家jiā所suǒ标biāo举jǔ的de圣shèng智zhì仁rén义yì靠kào拢lǒng。本běn者zhě、母mǔ者zhě是shì一yī个gè操cāo作zuò上shàng的de姿zī态tài,它tā在zài伦lún理lǐ德dé目mù上shàng的de义yì涵hán仍réng然rán无wú法fǎ逃táo脱tuō儒rú家jiā基jī本běn价jià值zhí信xìn念niàn,因yīn此cǐ作zuò为wéi王wáng弼bì哲zhé学xué体tǐ系xì的de最zuì高gāo概gài念niàn范fàn畴chóu之zhī&ldquo万wàn物wù宗zōng主zhǔ&rdquo的de在zài存cún在zài上shàng的de抽chōu象xiàng特tè征zhēng只zhī显xiǎn现xiàn为wéi操cāo作zuò姿zī态tài上shàng的de无wú形xíng无wú名míng,至zhì于yú在zài现xiàn实shí操cāo作zuò的de背bèi后hòu的de道dào德dé目mù的de性xìng者zhě,王wáng弼bì仍réng无wú由yóu撤chè销xiāo之zhī,即jí圣shèng智zhì仁rén义yì作zuò为wéi伦lún理lǐ义yì涵hán的de目mù的de性xìng原yuán理lǐ仍réng然rán必bì须xū保bǎo存cún于yú王wáng弼bì哲zhé学xué体tǐ系xì内nèi,于yú是shì就jiù本běn体tǐ论lùn哲zhé学xué的de内nèi部bù型xíng态tài区qū别bié而ér言yán,王wáng弼bì哲zhé学xué的de本běn体tǐ论lùn原yuán理lǐ一yī方fāng面miàn必bì须xū保bǎo存cún儒rú家jiā哲zhé学xué所suǒ标biāo榜bǎng的de道dào德dé目mù的de性xìng原yuán理lǐ,另lìng方fāng面miàn又yòu特tè出chū一yī个gè由yóu存cún在zài的de姿zī态tài上shàng的de特tè征zhēng所suǒ转zhuǎn出chū的de操cāo作zuò上shàng的de作zuò用yòng姿zī态tài,即jí见jiàn素sù抱bào朴pǔ、无wú为wéi无wú欲yù、绝jué圣shèng智zhì、弃qì仁rén义yì的de实shí践jiàn法fǎ门mén。

牟móu宗zōng三sān先xiān生shēng谓wèi道dào家jiā老lǎo学xué在zài王wáng弼bì处chù体tǐ现xiàn了le道dào体tǐ的de作zuò用yòng上shàng的de保bǎo存cún者zhě即jí此cǐ义yì也yě,即jí在zài一yī作zuò用yòng的de姿zī态tài中zhōng出chū现xiàn了le道dào家jiā老lǎo学xué的de境jìng界jiè型xíng态tài的de形xíng上shàng学xué者zhě[6]。是shì以yǐ哲zhé学xué史shǐ上shàng对duì于yú王wáng弼bì哲zhé学xué的de义yì理lǐ定dìng位wèi即jí为wéi其qí在zài曹cáo魏wèi政zhèng权quán的de道dào德dé隳huī败bài中zhōng主zhǔ张zhāng名míng教jiāo与yǔ自zì然rán的de统tǒng一yī,这zhè就jiù是shì说shuō作zuò为wéi在zài&ldquo万wàn物wù宗zōng主zhǔ&rdquo的de抽chōu象xiàng特tè征zhēng中zhōng转zhuǎn出chū的de本běn体tǐ原yuán理lǐ的de母mǔ者zhě本běn者zhě,它tā在zài本běn体tǐ论lùn上shàng的de定dìng位wèi是shì一yī个gè姿zī态tài上shàng的de贵guì无wú主zhǔ义yì,是shì一yī个gè在zài作zuò用yòng的de特tè征zhēng中zhōng的de本běn体tǐ原yuán理lǐ之zhī义yì。但dàn是shì在zài道dào德dé目mù的de性xìng的de本běn体tǐ论lùn原yuán理lǐ的de哲zhé学xué问wèn题tí中zhōng,王wáng弼bì并bìng不bú能néng拒jù绝jué儒rú家jiā的de圣shèng智zhì仁rén义yì之zhī伦lún理lǐ德dé目mù,于yú是shì王wáng弼bì哲zhé学xué中zhōng从cóng人rén生shēng哲zhé学xué进jìn路lù以yǐ见jiàn出chū的de本běn体tǐ论lùn原yuán理lǐ者zhě便biàn又yòu有yǒu了le两liǎng个gè型xíng态tài的de并bìng举jǔ,即jí其qí一yī为wéi作zuò用yòng姿zī态tài上shàng的de贵guì无wú主zhǔ义yì与yǔ终zhōng极jí道dào德dé目mù的de上shàng的de仁rén义yì原yuán理lǐ者zhě两liǎng项xiàng,前qián者zhě代dài表biǎo自zì然rán,后hòu者zhě代dài表biǎo名míng教jiāo。如rú此cǐ才cái可kě能néng完wán整zhěng地dì架jià构gòu王wáng弼bì注zhù＜老lǎo＞中zhōng的de形xíng上shàng学xué本běn体tǐ论lùn的de基jī本běn诠quán释shì模mó型xíng中zhōng的de本běn体tǐ论lùn观guān念niàn。

六liù、王wáng弼bì于yú《周zhōu易yì略luè例lì》中zhōng的de观guān念niàn重zhòng点diǎn:

１、＜明míng彖tuàn＞中zhōng的de主zhǔ要yào观guān念niàn在zài于yú指zhǐ出chū:彖tuàn辞cí即jí卦guà辞cí,是shì说shuō明míng每měi一yī个gè卦guà的de主zhǔ旨zhǐ的de文wén句jù,天tiān下xià事shì务wù皆jiē有yǒu宗zōng主zhǔ有yǒu根gēn元yuán,万wàn事shì万wàn物wù由yóu此cǐ定dìng之zhī,一yī卦guà六liù爻yáo亦yì然rán,或huò为wéi三sān爻yáo卦guà之zhī中zhōng爻yáo为wéi主zhǔ,或huò为wéi六liù爻yáo卦guà之zhī单dān阴yīn或huò单dān阳yáng之zhī爻yáo,当dāng然rán也yě有yǒu全quán卦guà卦guà义yì非fēi以yǐ爻yáo定dìng者zhě,则zé为wéi由yóu上shàng下xià两liǎng卦guà之zhī卦guà体tǐ上shàng取qǔ义yì者zhě。无wú论lùn如rú何hé,在zài每měi一yī卦guà中zhōng皆jiē需xū显xiǎn现xiàn一yī个gè义yì理lǐ的de主zhǔ旨zhǐ出chū来lái,以yǐ作zuò为wéi一yī个gè情qíng境jìng的de统tǒng率lǜ。

２、＜明míng爻yáo通tōng变biàn＞中zhōng指zhǐ出chū:爻yáo者zhě言yán乎hū变biàn,变biàn则zé以yǐ情qíng伪wěi主zhǔ之zhī,非fēi数shù之zhī所suǒ求qiú得dé全quán也yě,一yī切qiē人rén事shì情qíng境jìng的de错cuò综zōng复fù杂zá实shí系xì于yú人rén心xīn之zhī感gǎn合hé与yǔ否fǒu,绝jué非fēi数shù算suàn可kě推tuī者zhě,爻yáo的de作zuò用yòng便biàn是shì呈chéng显xiǎn这zhè样yàng的de人rén心xīn变biàn化huà之zhī情qíng状zhuàng。

３、这zhè些xiē变biàn化huà虽suī然rán不bú能néng以yǐ数shù的de演yǎn算suàn而ér定dìng之zhī,但dàn是shì却què不bú妨fáng碍ài其qí在zài人rén事shì关guān系xì的de论lùn理lǐ中zhōng予yǔ以yǐ若ruò干gàn的de原yuán则zé上shàng地dì掌zhǎng握wò,其qí即jí由yóu时shí位wèi观guān中zhōng见jiàn出chū的de乘chéng承chéng上shàng下xià远yuǎn近jìn内nèi外wài诸zhū事shì者zhě,这zhè便biàn是shì＜明míng卦guà适shì变biàn通tōng爻yáo＞一yī文wén中zhōng所suǒ述shù之zhī主zhǔ旨zhǐ。

４、在zài＜明míng象xiàng＞文wén中zhōng,对duì于yú卦guà爻yáo象xiàng的de譬pì喻yù及jí符fú号hào系xì统tǒng明míng确què地dì指zhǐ出chū是shì根gēn据jù意yì及jí情qíng而ér定dìng之zhī者zhě,因yīn此cǐ否fǒu定dìng了le汉hàn易yì的de互hù体tǐ卦guà变biàn诸zhū说shuō。

５、＜辩biàn位wèi＞篇piān强qiáng调diào对duì于yú位wèi的de讨tǎo论lùn,初chū六liù视shì终zhōng始shǐ而ér非fēi位wèi,中zhōng四sì爻yáo论lùn尊zūn卑bēi而ér成chéng位wèi,其qí亦yì为wéi爻yáo位wèi辩biàn情qíng伪wěi贵guì贱jiàn之zhī处chù所suǒ。

七qī、由yóu《周zhōu易yì略luè例lì》中zhōng所suǒ显xiǎn现xiàn的de方fāng法fǎ论lùn观guān点diǎn:

由yóu以yǐ上shàng所suǒ述shù重zhòng点diǎn,我wǒ们men可kě以yǐ见jiàn出chū王wáng弼bì所suǒ提tí出chū的de实shí在zài是shì一yī个gè关guān于yú&ldquo周zhōu易yì体tǐ例lì&rdquo的de看kàn法fǎ[7],而ér不bú是shì一yī个gè周zhōu易yì价jià值zhí哲zhé学xué的de形xíng上shàng根gēn据jù之zhī重zhòng新xīn界jiè定dìng。由yóu《周zhōu易yì略luè例lì》中zhōng言yán于yú彖tuàn者zhě、象xiàng者zhě、爻yáo者zhě、变biàn者zhě、位wèi者zhě之zhī诸zhū文wén中zhōng,我wǒ们men可kě以yǐ见jiàn出chū王wáng弼bì作zuò为wéi一yī位wèi＜周zhōu易yì＞的de读dú者zhě及jí诠quán释shì者zhě,他tā所suǒ关guān切qiē的de问wèn题tí是shì＜周zhōu易yì＞经jīng文wén中zhōng的de文wén句jù义yì理lǐ的de合hé理lǐ的de解jiě释shì的de问wèn题tí,即jí六liù十shí四sì卦guà的de卦guà辞cí及jí三sān百bǎi八bā十shí四sì爻yáo的de爻yáo辞cí,在zài卦guà理lǐ爻yáo变biàn的de＜周zhōu易yì＞经jīng文wén结jié构gòu中zhōng到dào底dǐ应yīng该gāi怎zěn么me理lǐ解jiě的de问wèn题tí,事shì实shí摆bǎi在zài眼yǎn前qián的de是shì,这zhè许xǔ多duō的de文wén字zì本běn身shēn表biǎo述shù了le繁fán多duō的de人rén事shì情qíng境jìng,这zhè一yī切qiē的de关guān于yú人rén事shì情qíng境jìng的de文wén句jù的de义yì理lǐ的de根gēn源yuán是shì来lái自zì于yú象xiàng数shù符fú号hào系xì统tǒng的de定dìng数shù呢ne还hái是shì来lái自zì于yú人rén事shì情qíng境jìng的de体tǐ悟wù而ér定dìng位wèi呢ne?王wáng弼bì采cǎi取qǔ了le后hòu一yī种zhǒng看kàn法fǎ,理lǐ由yóu是shì人rén事shì情qíng境jìng的de情qíng伪wěi变biàn化huà本běn身shēn的de繁fán复fù性xìng远yuǎn大dà于yú数shù算suàn的de计jì测cè的de可kě能néng性xìng,而ér且qiě直zhí接jiē透tòu过guò经jīng文wén中zhōng卦guà爻yáo辞cí在zài六liù爻yáo位wèi的de变biàn化huà乘chéng承chéng应yīng违wéi关guān系xì中zhōng已yǐ可kě见jiàn出chū道dào理lǐ,于yú是shì王wáng弼bì拒jù绝jué象xiàng数shù易yì的de思sī维wéi模mó式shì,全quán经jīng之zhī注zhù释shì皆jiē由yóu爻yáo位wèi彼bǐ此cǐ之zhī间jiān的de阴yīn阳yáng刚gāng柔róu乘chéng承chéng远yuǎn近jìn内nèi外wài初chū上shàng等děng位wèi与yǔ位wèi的de关guān系xì中zhōng见jiàn出chū道dào理lǐ,而ér这zhè些xiē时shí位wèi的de关guān系xì中zhōng所suǒ显xiǎn现xiàn的de变biàn化huà之zhī道dào全quán等děng同tóng于yú其qí作zuò用yòng于yú人rén心xīn上shàng的de反fǎn应yīng结jié果guǒ,于yú是shì产chǎn生shēng在zài人rén心xīn上shàng的de情qíng伪wěi变biàn化huà就jiù发fā展zhǎn成chéng了le卦guà爻yáo辞cí的de文wén句jù义yì理lǐ。

就jiù此cǐ而ér言yán,王wáng弼bì注zhù易yì全quán然rán不bú重zhòng视shì六liù十shí四sì卦guà的de阴yīn阳yáng爻yáo象xiàng的de任rèn何hé象xiàng数shù学xué上shàng的de关guān系xì,亦yì即jí一yī切qiē关guān乎hū宇yǔ宙zhòu论lùn思sī维wéi的de认rèn识shí进jìn路lù皆jiē为wéi其qí所suǒ排pái除chú,如rú此cǐ则zé序xù卦guà即jí无wú意yì义yì,六liù十shí四sì卦guà只zhī是shì六liù十shí四sì套tào人rén事shì情qíng境jìng的de教jiāo材cái,卦guà序xù的de排pái列liè并bìng没méi有yǒu任rèn何hé义yì理lǐ上shàng的de意yì义yì,于yú是shì一yī切qiē藉jiè由yóu卦guà序xù以yǐ论lùn宇yǔ宙zhòu发fā生shēng说shuō及jí气qì候hòu占zhàn变biàn说shuō的de宇yǔ宙zhòu论lùn进jìn路lù的de易yì学xué诠quán释shì体tǐ系xì皆jiē成chéng了le无wú用yòng之zhī物wù。六liù十shí四sì卦guà并bìng不bú以yǐ一yī个gè整zhěng体tǐ存cún在zài界jiè的de尽jìn全quán的de表biǎo述shù系xì统tǒng的de身shēn份fèn而ér成chéng为wéi形xíng上shàng学xué思sī维wéi的de对duì象xiàng,六liù十shí四sì卦guà只zhī能néng以yǐ进jìn行háng在zài卦guà象xiàng及jí爻yáo位wèi中zhōng的de人rén心xīn感gǎn应yīng和hé合hé之zhī情qíng状zhuàng来lái反fǎn映yìng认rèn识shí情qíng境jìng的de复fù杂zá多duō变biàn及jí为wéi人rén处chù世shì的de应yīng对duì之zhī道dào,于yú是shì六liù十shí四sì套tào生shēng活huó教jiāo材cái所suǒ能néng呈chéng现xiàn的de形xíng上shàng学xué思sī维wéi便biàn只zhī有yǒu反fǎn映yìng在zài人rén心xīn逆nì顺shùn之zhī际jì的de人rén性xìng情qíng质zhì了le,于yú是shì王wáng弼bì易yì学xué诠quán释shì学xué的de方fāng法fǎ论lùn依yī据jù便biàn是shì以yǐ他tā个gè人rén人rén事shì体tǐ验yàn的de情qíng意yì认rèn知zhī为wéi根gēn本běn,当dāng然rán这zhè背bèi后hòu仍réng有yǒu一yī个gè价jià值zhí心xīn灵líng,即jí应yīng仍réng为wéi儒rú门mén易yì之zhī价jià值zhí心xīn灵líng者zhě,至zhì于yú易yì道dào开kāi合hé之zhī际jì的de形xíng上shàng原yuán理lǐ则zé是shì易yì道dào自zì身shēn的de原yuán理lǐ,则zé暂zàn与yǔ王wáng弼bì易yì学xué诠quán释shì学xué的de方fāng法fǎ论lùn思sī维wéi无wú关guān。

八bā、对duì王wáng弼bì《周zhōu易yì略luè例lì》的de方fāng法fǎ论lùn之zhī探tàn讨tǎo

当dāng代dài易yì学xué工gōng作zuò者zhě即jí以yǐ此cǐ称chēng说shuō王wáng弼bì易yì学xué方fāng法fǎ论lùn乃nǎi一yī以yǐ玄xuán学xué入rù易yì学xué之zhī道dào,或huò以yǐ道dào家jiā解jiě易yì之zhī说shuō〔 [8]〕。我wǒ们men以yǐ为wéi,王wáng弼bì表biǎo现xiàn在zài老lǎo子zǐ诠quán释shì的de方fāng法fǎ论lùn上shàng的de思sī维wéi其qí实shí并bìng没méi有yǒu怎zěn样yàng地dì过guò渡dù到dào易yì学xué诠quán释shì中zhōng来lái,王wáng弼bì在zài老lǎo子zǐ诠quán释shì的de义yì理lǐ推tuī演yǎn中zhōng重zhòng视shì的de是shì理lǐ解jiě与yǔ解jiě释shì老lǎo学xué的de工gōng作zuò,他tā所suǒ找zhǎo到dào的de万wàn物wù宗zōng主zhǔ的de本běn体tǐ论lùn思sī维wéi及jí崇chóng本běn息xī末mò的de功gōng夫fū论lùn思sī维wéi都dōu是shì对duì准zhǔn老lǎo子zǐ理lǐ解jiě的de准zhǔn确què的de认rèn识shí进jìn路lù,但dàn是shì在zài易yì学xué诠quán释shì的de哲zhé理lǐ思sī惟wéi上shàng,王wáng弼bì依yī然rán是shì依yī据jù着zhe易yì学xué哲zhé理lǐ本běn身shēn的de逻luó辑jí来lái建jiàn立lì命mìng题tí,义yì理lǐ派pài的de解jiě易yì进jìn路lù是shì易yì学xué思sī想xiǎng内nèi涵hán中zhōng的de本běn有yǒu已yǐ具jù之zhī事shì,义yì理lǐ派pài的de解jiě易yì思sī维wéi中zhōng重zhòng视shì的de是shì人rén事shì情qíng境jìng的de辩biàn证zhèng关guān系xì这zhè也yě是shì解jiě易yì的de原yuán型xíng思sī维wéi,也yě是shì王wáng弼bì所suǒ重zhòng者zhě,易yì以yǐ时shí位wèi之zhī变biàn合hé来lái展zhǎn现xiàn世shì界jiè现xiàn象xiàng与yǔ人rén事shì情qíng境jìng的de真zhēn实shí,这zhè是shì易yì经jīng原yuán作zuò的de本běn来lái精jīng神shén,所suǒ争zhēng者zhě只zhī在zài其qí中zhōng的de推tuī合hé析xī解jiě之zhī际jì是shì否fǒu依yī据jù一yī套tào象xiàng数shù计jì测cè原yuán理lǐ,亦yì或huò一yī套tào价jià值zhí系xì统tǒng。就jiù易yì为wéi卜bo筮shì之zhī书shū而ér言yán,寻xún求qiú卦guà爻yáo辞cí的de占zhàn筮shì的de活huó动dòng当dāng然rán是shì一yī套tào象xiàng数shù计jì测cè的de过guò程chéng,此cǐ非fēi所suǒ论lùn。但dàn是shì卦guà爻yáo辞cí据jù于yú卦guà爻yáo象xiàng中zhōng的de辞cí义yì的de得dé获huò,即jí可kě论lùn争zhēng为wéi是shì一yī套tào基jī于yú六liù十shí四sì卦guà卦guà爻yáo象xiàng整zhěng体tǐ的de象xiàng数shù推tuī测cè而ér得dé者zhě亦yì或huò是shì基jī于yú该gāi象xiàng的de时shí位wèi乘chéng承chéng内nèi外wài远yuǎn近jìn等děng关guān系xì配pèi合hé人rén心xīn情qíng伪wěi之zhī反fǎn映yìng而ér定dìng出chū者zhě。就jiù前qián者zhě言yán,是shì一yī个gè宇yǔ宙zhòu论lùn进jìn路lù的de思sī维wéi,就jiù后hòu者zhě言yán,是shì一yī个gè人rén性xìng论lùn进jìn路lù的de思sī维wéi,亦yì即jí本běn体tǐ论lùn进jìn路lù的de思sī维wéi。前qián者zhě挂guà搭dā于yú六liù十shí四sì卦guà的de整zhěng体tǐ象xiàng数shù中zhōng进jìn行háng卦guà变biàn互hù体tǐ诸zhū术shù以yǐ定dìng道dào理lǐ,理lǐ论lùn上shàng已yǐ预yù设shè了le天tiān下xià道dào理lǐ尽jìn在zài此cǐ数shù中zhōng,是shì一yī个gè宇yǔ宙zhòu论lùn的de思sī维wéi模mó式shì。后hòu者zhě即jí在zài一yī卦guà之zhī当dāng下xià境jìng域yù中zhōng情qíng伪wěi激jī荡dàng人rén心xīn变biàn作zuò,道dào理lǐ全quán在zài人rén心xīn惟wéi微wēi之zhī中zhōng,六liù十shí四sì个gè情qíng境jìng只zhī是shì一yī个gè演yǎn例lì,人rén事shì的de纷fēn纭yún宇yǔ宙zhòu之zhī奥ào秘mì仍réng在zài无wú尽jìn之zhī数shù中zhōng,六liù十shí四sì卦guà三sān百bǎi八bā十shí四sì爻yáo仅jǐn显xiǎn微wēi例lì,理lǐ论lùn上shàng并bìng不bú预yù设shè人rén事shì已yǐ尽jìn,易yì经jīng全quán书shū只zhī是shì发fā人rén幽yōu隐yǐn的de思sī维wéi参cān考kǎo,乃nǎi是shì一yī个gè本běn体tǐ论lùn的de思sī维wéi模mó式shì。

我wǒ们men从cóng王wáng弼bì解jiě易yì之zhī作zuò中zhōng所suǒ看kàn到dào的de方fāng法fǎ,全quán为wéi王wáng弼bì体tǐ贴tiē人rén事shì假jiǎ合hé时shí位wèi而ér定dìng道dào理lǐ的de心xīn路lù历lì程chéng,这zhè个gè人rén性xìng思sī维wéi的de体tǐ贴tiē即jí全quán为wéi易yì经jīng卦guà爻yáo辞cí本běn身shēn所suǒ示shì的de基jī本běn思sī路lù,王wáng弼bì并bìng未wèi离lí开kāi周zhōu易yì作zuò者zhě的de心xīn灵líng,而ér另lìng创chuàng人rén事shì情qíng景jǐng背bèi后hòu的de价jià值zhí体tǐ系xì,这zhè个gè思sī易yì解jiě易yì背bèi后hòu的de价jià值zhí体tǐ系xì仍réng为wéi表biǎo现xiàn在zài周zhōu易yì经jīng文wén本běn身shēn的de观guān点diǎn思sī考kǎo,基jī本běn上shàng是shì周zhōu易yì自zì身shēn所suǒ具jù的de儒rú家jiā思sī维wéi,这zhè个gè思sī维wéi才cái是shì易yì学xué本běn体tǐ论lùn思sī维wéi中zhōng在zài于yú价jià值zhí问wèn题tí上shàng的de定dìng位wèi,基jī本běn上shàng符fú合hé原yuán始shǐ儒rú家jiā的de基jī调diào,在zài这zhè个gè基jī础chǔ上shàng并bìng未wèi多duō见jiàn有yǒu道dào家jiā老lǎo学xué的de价jià值zhí信xìn念niàn之zhī混hún淆xiáo,因yīn此cǐ我wǒ们men从cóng王wáng弼bì注zhù易yì解jiě易yì的de方fāng法fǎ论lùn依yī据jù的de问wèn题tí来lái重zhòng新xīn检jiǎn视shì王wáng弼bì易yì学xué方fāng法fǎ论lùn时shí,王wáng弼bì以yǐ人rén心xīn感gǎn合hé的de情qíng伪wěi变biàn诈zhà来lái作zuò为wéi易yì学xué方fāng法fǎ论lùn的de思sī维wéi原yuán理lǐ,这zhè才cái是shì整zhěng个gè王wáng弼bì易yì学xué方fāng法fǎ论lùn的de检jiǎn讨tǎo重zhòng点diǎn。

就jiù此cǐ而ér言yán,王wáng弼bì毫háo无wú疑yí问wèn的de更gèng是shì一yī个gè本běn体tǐ论lùn哲zhé学xué问wèn题tí意yì识shí忧yōu位wèi的de理lǐ论lùn性xìng格gé,王wáng弼bì无wú意yì于yú将jiāng易yì经jīng卦guà爻yáo象xiàng构gòu作zuò为wéi宇yǔ宙zhòu论lùn的de律lǜ则zé体tǐ系xì,亦yì不bú以yǐ此cǐ作zuò为wéi经jīng文wén义yì理lǐ的de注zhù解jiě依yī据jù,周zhōu易yì本běn身shēn是shì一yī部bù什shí么me样yàng的de着zhe作zuò是shì一yī回huí事shì,王wáng弼bì将jiāng周zhōu易yì视shì为wéi一yī部bù什shí么me样yàng的de着zhe作zuò是shì另lìng一yī回huí事shì,显xiǎn然rán王wáng弼bì将jiāng周zhōu易yì视shì为wéi一yī部bù人rén生shēng智zhì慧huì的de宝bǎo典diǎn,经jīng文wén中zhōng充chōng满mǎn人rén事shì情qíng境jìng的de处chù理lǐ建jiàn言yán,建jiàn言yán的de背bèi后hòu是shì一yī套tào儒rú家jiā的de价jià值zhí信xìn念niàn体tǐ系xì,王wáng弼bì并bìng未wèi玄xuán学xué化huà地dì处chù理lǐ之zhī,而ér所suǒ谓wèi玄xuán学xué化huà地dì处chù理lǐ之zhī亦yì未wèi必bì即jí为wéi在zài本běn体tǐ论lùn的de价jià值zhí标biāo的de问wèn题tí上shàng采cǎi取qǔ了le反fǎn道dào德dé的de哲zhé学xué思sī路lù,玄xuán学xué思sī维wéi所suǒ处chù理lǐ的de本běn体tǐ论lùn问wèn题tí多duō为wéi本běn体tǐ与yǔ现xiàn象xiàng关guān系xì的de抽chōu象xiàng思sī维wéi,其qí与yǔ价jià值zhí标biāo的de的de本běn体tǐ论lùn问wèn题tí无wú涉shè。

本běn体tǐ论lùn思sī考kǎo本běn体tǐ与yǔ现xiàn象xiàng的de关guān系xì亦yì思sī考kǎo本běn体tǐ的de价jià值zhí义yì涵hán亦yì思sī考kǎo宇yǔ宙zhòu的de终zhōng极jí目mù的de等děng问wèn题tí,问wèn题tí不bú同tóng范fàn畴chóu不bú同tóng或huò有yǒu交jiāo涉shè或huò无wú相xiàng干gàn,这zhè是shì当dāng代dài中zhōng国guó哲zhé学xué研yán究jiū应yīng重zhòng新xīn重zhòng视shì的de中zhōng国guó哲zhé学xué的de基jī本běn哲zhé学xué问wèn题tí的de方fāng法fǎ论lùn思sī考kǎo,王wáng弼bì并bìng未wèi改gǎi变biàn表biǎo现xiàn在zài周zhōu易yì经jīng文wén背bèi后hòu的de价jià值zhí信xìn念niàn,他tā只zhī是shì在zài周zhōu易yì作zuò为wéi一yī部bù什shí么me样yàng的de着zhe作zuò的de问wèn题tí上shàng采cǎi取qǔ了le看kàn法fǎ,在zài这zhè样yàng的de看kàn法fǎ的de背bèi后hòu所suǒ得dé以yǐ开kāi创chuàng的de哲zhé学xué形xíng上shàng学xué问wèn题tí便biàn是shì一yī个gè价jià值zhí本běn体tǐ的de型xíng态tài取qǔ舍shě,王wáng弼bì并bìng未wèi选xuǎn择zé了le否fǒu定dìng儒rú家jiā道dào德dé意yì识shí的de本běn体tǐ价jià值zhí,于yú是shì在zài这zhè个gè基jī调diào上shàng的de诠quán释shì结jié果guǒ,所suǒ能néng论lùn争zhēng的de只zhī是shì王wáng弼bì对duì于yú人rén心xīn顺shùn逆nì藉jiè由yóu卦guà爻yáo时shí位wèi的de表biǎo现xiàn之zhī道dào的de体tǐ贴tiē理lǐ解jiě的de深shēn度dù与yǔ准zhǔn确què性xìng的de问wèn题tí了le,王wáng弼bì既jì未wèi将jiāng周zhōu易yì经jīng文wén视shì为wéi宇yǔ宙zhòu论lùn的de整zhěng体tǐ存cún在zài界jiè的de尽jìn全quán的de掌zhǎng握wò系xì统tǒng,则zé即jí不bú能néng以yǐ王wáng弼bì由yóu人rén心xīn解jiě易yì之zhī作zuò中zhōng便biàn视shì其qí有yǒu本běn体tǐ论lùn的de心xīn性xìng化huà生shēng天tiān地dì的de论lùn断duàn,即jí以yǐ王wáng弼bì为wéi唯wéi心xīn论lùn之zhī说shuō者zhě。王wáng弼bì毋wú宁níng只zhī是shì在zài儒rú家jiā价jià值zhí信xìn念niàn的de背bèi景jǐng下xià注zhù解jiě了le经jīng文wén中zhōng的de义yì理lǐ思sī维wéi,并bìng未wèi建jiàn立lì不bú同tóng于yú儒rú家jiā哲zhé学xué的de本běn体tǐ论lùn的de价jià值zhí观guān,亦yì即jí王wáng弼bì并bìng未wèi建jiàn立lì具jù有yǒu哲zhé学xué创chuàng作zuò意yì义yì的de新xīn的de本běn体tǐ论lùn思sī维wéi,只zhī能néng说shuō视shì王wáng弼bì将jiāng过guò去qù藉jiè由yóu易yì学xué注zhù解jiě而ér构gòu作zuò宇yǔ宙zhòu论lùn系xì统tǒng的de工gōng作zuò方fāng式shì给gěi改gǎi变biàn了le,王wáng弼bì注zhù易yì只zhī重zhòng人rén事shì,人rén事shì奥ào秘mì仍réng在zài难nán定dìng之zhī数shù,那nà个gè难nán定dìng之zhī数shù的de宇yǔ宙zhòu论lùn思sī维wéi的de世shì界jiè整zhěng体tǐ的de形xíng上shàng学xué问wèn题tí,王wáng弼bì注zhù易yì中zhōng并bìng未wèi将jiāng之zhī提tí起qǐ,所suǒ以yǐ王wáng弼bì注zhù易yì只zhī有yǒu方fāng法fǎ的de问wèn题tí,而ér没méi有yǒu方fāng法fǎ论lùn的de问wèn题tí,王wáng弼bì注zhù老lǎo有yǒu方fāng法fǎ论lùn的de问wèn题tí,但dàn是shì那nà个gè以yǐ万wàn物wù宗zōng主zhǔ为wéi无wú形xíng无wú名míng的de贵guì无wú特tè征zhēng,并bìng没méi有yǒu在zài周zhōu易yì体tǐ例lì问wèn题tí之zhī外wài侵qīn占zhàn了le周zhōu易yì的de价jià值zhí心xīn灵líng。

九jiǔ、结jié论lùn

朱zhū伯bó崑kūn教jiāo授shòu引yǐn黄huáng宗zōng羲xī言yán曰yuē:&ldquo明míng末mò黄huáng宗zōng羲xī评píng论lùn说shuō:&ldquo有yǒu魏wèi王wáng辅fǔ嗣sì出chū而ér注zhù易yì,得dé意yì忘wàng象xiàng,得dé象xiàng忘wàng言yán,日rì时shí岁suì月yuè,五wǔ气qì相xiàng推tuī,悉xī皆jiē摈bìn落luò,多duō所suǒ不bú关guān,庶shù几jǐ潦liáo水shuǐ尽jìn寒hán潭tán清qīng矣yǐ。顾gù论lùn者zhě谓wèi其qí以yǐ老lǎo庄zhuāng解jiě易yì,是shì读dú其qí注zhù,简jiǎn当dāng而ér无wú浮fú义yì,何hé曾céng笼lóng络luò玄xuán旨zhǐ。顾gù能néng远yuǎn历lì于yú唐táng,发fā为wéi正zhèng义yì,其qí扩kuò清qīng之zhī功gōng,不bú可kě泯mǐn也yě。 &rdquo(《象xiàng数shù论lùn序xù》 )&rdquo又yòu说shuō:&ldquo黄huáng氏shì认rèn为wéi,王wáng弼bì易yì学xué&ldquo何hé曾céng笼lóng络luò玄xuán旨zhǐ&rdquo,这zhè是shì误wù解jiě。 &rdquo〔 [9]〕我wǒ们men则zé认rèn为wéi,黄huáng宗zōng羲xī并bìng没méi有yǒu误wù解jiě,朱zhū教jiāo授shòu谓wèi其qí误wù解jiě主zhǔ要yào是shì对duì于yú基jī本běn哲zhé学xué问wèn题tí意yì识shí的de区qū别bié的de看kàn法fǎ有yǒu别bié之zhī故gù,王wáng弼bì注zhù老lǎo中zhōng所suǒ出chū现xiàn的de统tǒng宗zōng会huì元yuán之zhī方fāng法fǎ论lùn观guān点diǎn,是shì一yī个gè本běn体tǐ论lùn哲zhé学xué问wèn题tí中zhōng本běn体tǐ与yǔ现xiàn象xiàng关guān系xì的de抽chōu象xiàng思sī辨biàn的de认rèn识shí进jìn路lù下xià的de观guān点diǎn,以yǐ这zhè样yàng的de观guān点diǎn来lái说shuō明míng周zhōu易yì体tǐ例lì中zhōng一yī卦guà之zhī卦guà辞cí为wéi一yī卦guà之zhī统tǒng宗zōng会huì元yuán之zhī主zhǔ旨zhǐ者zhě,亦yì或huò以yǐ乾qián坤kūn两liǎng卦guà为wéi天tiān地dì之zhī所suǒ以yǐ然rán之zhī理lǐ是shì用yòng形xíng者zhě也yě,这zhè并bìng没méi有yǒu把bǎ所suǒ谓wèi的de玄xuán学xué本běn体tǐ论lùn汇huì入rù易yì学xué的de解jiě释shì体tǐ系xì中zhōng,卦guà辞cí在zài一yī卦guà中zhōng本běn来lái就jiù是shì扮bàn演yǎn这zhè样yàng的de角jiǎo色sè,乾qián坤kūn两liǎng卦guà在zài文wén言yán传chuán中zhōng亦yì早zǎo已yǐ是shì这zhè样yàng的de角jiǎo色sè,如rú果guǒ说shuō王wáng弼bì在zài注zhù易yì中zhōng通tōng篇piān皆jiē以yǐ贵guì无wú说shuō的de操cāo作zuò智zhì慧huì来lái诠quán解jiě易yì经jīng经jīng文wén,那nà么me我wǒ们men可kě以yǐ说shuō王wáng弼bì确què有yǒu以yǐ玄xuán学xué解jiě易yì的de态tài度dù,然rán而ér观guān于yú王wáng弼bì注zhù易yì全quán文wén,其qí皆jiē为wéi在zài义yì理lǐ之zhī本běn当dāng处chù作zuò出chū注zhù解jiě,并bìng未wèi将jiāng具jù有yǒu价jià值zhí判pàn断duàn的de贵guì无wú思sī维wéi强qiáng行háng贯guàn入rù注zhù易yì之zhī文wén中zhōng。总zǒng之zhī,王wáng弼bì哲zhé学xué的de方fāng法fǎ论lùn思sī维wéi,就jiù其qí表biǎo现xiàn在zài对duì于yú老lǎo子zǐ注zhù解jiě之zhī作zuò品pǐn中zhōng者zhě,乃nǎi是shì开kāi拓tuò了le本běn体tǐ论lùn哲zhé学xué中zhōng抽chōu象xiàng思sī辨biàn的de认rèn识shí进jìn路lù一yī路lù者zhě,就jiù其qí在zài周zhōu易yì注zhù解jiě之zhī作zuò中zhōng者zhě,则zé是shì平píng实shí地dì作zuò着zhe文wén句jù义yì疏shū的de工gōng作zuò,其qí重zhòng义yì理lǐ诠quán解jiě的de周zhōu易yì体tǐ例lì观guān在zài当dāng时shí虽suī然rán确què实shí极jí有yǒu易yì学xué哲zhé学xué史shǐ的de划huá时shí代dài意yì义yì,但dàn是shì从cóng哲zhé学xué方fāng法fǎ论lùn的de角jiǎo度dù来lái看kàn,却què并bìng无wú新xīn意yì,他tā只zhī是shì采cǎi取qǔ了le过guò去qù的de人rén已yǐ经jīng有yǒu过guò的de一yī种zhǒng注zhù易yì方fāng式shì而ér已yǐ,论lùn者zhě不bú必bì过guò于yú强qiáng调diào其qí注zhù易yì之zhī作zuò的de玄xuán学xué化huà色sè彩cǎi。

如rú果guǒ从cóng基jī本běn哲zhé学xué问wèn题tí研yán究jiū的de角jiǎo度dù来lái看kàn,所suǒ谓wèi的de玄xuán学xué学xué理lǐ究jiū竟jìng是shì在zài处chù理lǐ什shí么me问wèn题tí?它tā在zài价jià值zhí问wèn题tí上shàng如rú何hé作zuò为wéi魏wèi晋jìn时shí人rén政zhèng治zhì关guān怀huái下xià的de义yì理lǐ根gēn据jù?能néng否fǒu成chéng功gōng?魏wèi晋jìn时shí人rén确què实shí有yǒu政zhèng治zhì关guān怀huái下xià的de价jià值zhí心xīn灵líng,亦yì确què实shí有yǒu玄xuán学xué思sī维wéi的de义yì理lǐ建jiàn构gòu,但dàn是shì在zài哲zhé学xué方fāng法fǎ论lùn的de检jiǎn视shì下xià他tā们men的de理lǐ论lùn构gòu作zuò是shì否fǒu成chéng功gōng?从cóng王wáng弼bì例lì举jǔ的de本běn体tǐ论lùn哲zhé学xué的de抽chōu象xiàng思sī辨biàn之zhī认rèn识shí进jìn路lù能néng否fǒu为wéi价jià值zhí命mìng题tí的de理lǐ论lùn根gēn据jù?隋suí唐táng宋sòng明míng所suǒ走zǒu的de心xīn性xìng论lùn思sī维wéi之zhī路lù,是shì否fǒu较jiào为wéi可kě行háng?又yòu如rú何hé而ér较jiào为wéi可kě行háng?我wǒ们men认rèn为wéi这zhè才cái是shì从cóng哲zhé学xué研yán究jiū的de角jiǎo度dù应yīng该gāi探tàn究jiū的de主zhǔ题tí。

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[1]:

这zhè是shì作zuò者zhě近jìn年nián来lái所suǒ提tí出chū的de一yī个gè对duì于yú中zhōng国guó哲zhé学xué研yán究jiū的de新xīn的de工gōng作zuò方fāng法fǎ,是shì基jī于yú一yī套tào方fāng法fǎ论lùn观guān点diǎn下xià的de对duì于yú中zhōng国guó哲zhé学xué作zuò品pǐn的de诠quán释shì模mó型xíng,该gāi方fāng法fǎ乃nǎi见jiàn于yú作zuò者zhě近jìn期qī之zhī诸zhū多duō专zhuān业yè论lùn文wén中zhōng,可kě参cān见jiàn＜现xiàn代dài中zhōng国guó哲zhé学xué在zài台tái湾wān的de创chuàng造zào与yǔ发fā展zhǎn＞发fā表biǎo于yú《哲zhé学xué杂zá志zhì》 ,一yī九jiǔ九jiǔ八bā年nián八bā月yuè号hào,台tái北běi业yè强qiáng出chū版bǎn社shè。

[3]:

参cān见jiàn拙zhuō着zhe《反fǎn者zhě道dào之zhī动dòng》上shàng篇piān第dì二èr章zhāng第dì三sān章zhāng。台tái北běi鸿hóng泰tài。

[4]:

参cān见jiàn注zhù一yī。

[5]:

参cān见jiàn《中zhōng国guó哲zhé学xué发fā展zhǎn史shǐ─ ─ 魏wèi晋jìn南nán北běi朝cháo篇piān》任rèn继jì愈yù编biān,北běi京jīng人rén民mín出chū版bǎn社shè。

[6]:

参cān见jiàn《才cái性xìng与yǔ玄xuán理lǐ》、《中zhōng国guó哲zhé学xué十shí九jiǔ讲jiǎng》牟móu宗zōng三sān着zhe,台tái北běi学xué生shēng书shū局jú。

[7]:

朱zhū伯bó崑kūn先xiān生shēng言yán:&ldquo王wáng弼bì注zhù解jiě《周zhōu易yì》 ,特tè别bié是shì注zhù经jīng文wén部bù份fèn,提tí出chū若ruò干gàn体tǐ例lì,认rèn为wéi这zhè些xiē体tǐ例lì,体tǐ现xiàn了le《周zhōu易yì》的de基jī本běn精jīng神shén。其qí《周zhōu易yì略luè例lì》一yī书shū,就jiù是shì讲jiǎng他tā对duì《周zhōu易yì》体tǐ例lì的de理lǐ解jiě,实shí际jì上shàng代dài表biǎo他tā的de易yì学xué观guān。 ─ ─ ─ 《略luè例lì》的de内nèi容róng,主zhǔ要yào讲jiǎng易yì学xué问wèn题tí,但dàn也yě渗shèn入rù了le其qí玄xuán学xué观guān点diǎn。 &rdquo参cān见jiàn《易yì学xué哲zhé学xué史shǐ第dì一yī册cè》朱zhū伯bó昆kūn着zhe,页yè294。台tái北běi蓝lán灯dēng。我wǒ们men要yào强qiáng调diào王wáng弼bì讲jiǎng的de是shì周zhōu易yì的de体tǐ例lì,就jiù是shì要yào强qiáng调diào体tǐ例lì非fēi方fāng法fǎ论lùn的de问wèn题tí,王wáng弼bì可kě能néng并bìng没méi有yǒu在zài周zhōu易yì注zhù解jiě的de理lǐ论lùn工gōng作zuò中zhōng提tí出chū创chuàng新xīn的de方fāng法fǎ论lùn观guān点diǎn出chū来lái,甚shèn至zhì未wèi必bì有yǒu将jiāng他tā在zài注zhù老lǎo之zhī作zuò中zhōng所suǒ建jiàn立lì的de方fāng法fǎ论lùn观guān点diǎn转zhuǎn用yòng至zhì周zhōu易yì注zhù解jiě中zhōng,这zhè是shì本běn文wén之zhī作zuò所suǒ欲yù探tàn究jiū的de重zhòng要yào问wèn题tí。

[8]:

朱zhū伯bó崑kūn先xiān生shēng言yán:&ldquo总zǒng之zhī,王wáng弼bì通tōng过guò对duì《周zhōu易yì》体tǐ例lì一yī爻yáo为wéi主zhǔ的de解jiě释shì,最zuì终zhōng引yǐn出chū其qí贵guì无wú论lùn的de玄xuán学xué理lǐ论lùn。这zhè正zhèng是shì玄xuán学xué家jiā解jiě易yì的de特tè征zhēng之zhī一yī。于yú世shì界jiè之zhī外wài,寻xún找zhǎo世shì界jiè的de统tǒng一yī性xìng,实shí际jì上shàng是shì从cóng思sī维wéi中zhōng引yǐn出chū世shì界jiè的de统tǒng一yī性xìng和hé规guī律lǜ性xìng,这zhè是shì玄xuán学xué唯wéi心xīn主zhǔ义yì的de观guān点diǎn。以yǐ此cǐ种zhǒng观guān点diǎn解jiě释shì筮shì法fǎ中zhōng的de体tǐ例lì,则zé是shì一yī种zhǒng唯wéi心xīn主zhǔ义yì说shuō法fǎ。 &rdquo参cān见jiàn前qián书shū。页yè295。

[9]:

参cān见jiàn前qián书shū,页yè333。